IT Applications and Groupware Essay

The three most significant things that an organization needs to do as such as to actualize the utilization of groupware frameworks viably begins with guaranteeing the coordinated effort of laborers in regards to the presentation of the innovation. This activity assists with making a picture of the necessary culture in their psyche. Further, it encourages the laborers to study one another and makes a feeling of regard among them. This methodology assists with breaking any adversarial societies in which they grew up whereby they may have been educated to fill in as people. This perspective makes the idea of narrow-mindedness among the laborers. Then again, guaranteeing laborer collaboration assists with making a sentiment of security concerning representatives offering help to the organization (Thierauf, 2001). This makes them to be joint proprietors of the organization, accordingly participating in executing the venture. The laborers are in this way not directed on what to do. Or maybe, the official encourages them to expel the impediments among themselves and take out their obstruction. A short time later, the retraining of the laborers about sharing happens. This assists with reproducing the demeanor of sharing which have been disposed of from the workers’ minds by the overarching condition. Such an endeavor starts with the acquaintance of training with singular people whereby they are told to fill in as people. Further, they discover that to share likens to cheating inside the school point of view. The representatives consequently will in general have a culture in them that abandons sharing. Such a culture calls for retraining. The idea of sharing encourages them to cooperate. Thus, this advancement benefits the organization as in every representative will be permitted to settle on their choices. The business along these lines holds the educated workers inside the organization. This gathering work likewise makes the yield of the organization to build more than singular yield. Such a result originates from the way that a gathering can achieve a greater number of assignments than a person whenever every individual is offered the chance to choose how to achieve an errand (Galliers, Markus and Newell, 2007). The individuals are consequently engaged to perform without anyone else. During preparing, the persuasive pioneers for the most part start right off the bat in helping the individuals to change and showing the individuals the significance of groupware. This endeavor advances each thought with respect to all open doors in the arranging of any specific preparing in the expectation that all the required clients are secured. Furthermore, it assists with making a consciousness of what will be anticipated from them when the gathering product framework will be actualized. This is on the grounds that the laborers recapture their trust in all individuals with whom they were some time ago instructed to be wary by their condition. It likewise offers every laborer a chance to contribute their methods in the business whereby the best are accused of the running of the organization (Khosrowpour, 2001). It likewise assists with ensuring that all the proposed individuals are reached and that the obstructions among them broken. This makes an air inside which every individual is commendable in the business and wherein their perspectives are consolidated into the running of the reason. In the wake of preparing, one should get ready for the development of the firm and be set up to ascend rapidly after the usage. This improves the mentality of the laborers since they get fulfillment from the work yield. Such an advancement advances and improves their working life. Subsequently, the exercises which they had learned in the preparation are enunciated in the creation procedure. This activity assists with measuring the consequences of the venture so one can know whether to offer the undertaking to other people if the outcomes are unmistakable (Khosrowpour, 2000). Further, he proprietors are encouraged to measure if the groupware framework is beneficial and if its profitability can be duplicated in other related firms.

Average education on workers and opening business time in Tel aviv Essay

Normal instruction on laborers and starting business time in Tel aviv - Essay Example Financial specialists ought to likewise enlist their organizations with charge authority where all the important subtleties of the organization ought to be given by filling structure number 4436. A corporate assessment ought to be paid to the Israel charge authority. Additionally, financial specialists ought to likewise know about the government disability commitment for their workers. The law expects businesses to retain some piece of their employee’s pay and submit it to the National Insurance Institute for reason for furnishing workers with a clinical spread. At last, financial specialists ought to know about the two kinds of motivations gave by the Israel government to empower speculators to be specific; declining corporate expense and venture impetuses (Ministry of Economy State In Israel, pp.1-3) The normal training on laborers is 83 percent among people between the age of 25 and 64 years who have achieved a likeness secondary school degree. Research shows that having decent instruction is a significant factor of finding a decent line of work in Israel. Research further shows that the nature of instruction score remained at a normal of 400 and ninety seven whereby normal young men perform not as much as young ladies by eleven (Publishing and OECD,

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week What Are You Most Looking Forward to About Business School

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week What Are You Most Looking Forward to About Business School Although quantifying a school’s profile certainly does not tell you everything, it can sometimes be helpful in simplifying the many differences between the various MBA programs. Each week, we bring you a chart to help you decide which of the schools’ strengths speak to you. We recently asked aspiring MBAs to answer a variety of survey questions about their business school prospects and perspectives. Now the results are in, and for those who are curious about their fellow applicants’ views on business school, we will be sharing some of the collected data in our B-School Chart of the Week blog series.   We heard from 94 MBA applicantsâ€"68 U.S. candidates and 26 internationalâ€"on the topic of “What are you most looking forward to about business school?” The most common responses we received could be organized into three general categories: “networking/making new friends and connections,” which accounted for the majority of responses both overall and among international candidates specifically; “learning and improving skills,” which was the most common among U.S. applicants; andâ€"not surprisingly, perhapsâ€"“career change or progression.” Despite the rather commonsense perception that business school is mainly about getting a new job or advancing your status in the career you already have, this latter category ranked third among the three, both overall and in each candidate group individually (discounting the “other” responses). In fact, only one international applicant (compared with ten U.S. ones) gave a response that fell into the “career change” category. Approximately 18% of the responses did not fit into any of the three top categories (“other”) and included comments such as “time off,” “global exposure,” “being able to participate in start-up competitions” and even “more free food at events.” Share ThisTweet B-School Charts

Essay about Things Fall Apart Literary Analysis - 662 Words

Things Fall Apart Analysis In Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe employs imagery, symbolism, and themes to reveal the story of Okonkwo. Throughout the novel he weaves in these things to really tell us the tale. With imagery, Achebe really is able to set the setting and the feel of the scene even deeper. The drums rose to a frenzy. The people surged forward. The young men who kept order flew around, waving their palm fronds. Old men nodded to the beat of the drums and remembered the days when they wrestled to its intoxicating rhythm. (Page 47) There is a lot of excitement here, everyone is really showing how they all enjoy the show. Achebe makes the mood a happy one and he even talks about the old men who used to fight as well, its†¦show more content†¦As soon as his father walked in, that night, Nwoye knew that Ikemefuna had been killed, and something seemed to give away inside him, like the snapping of a tightened bow.(page 61) The bow represents the tension that was final ly broken the moment that Nwoye realized the betrayal from his father. That was the breaking point for Nwoye, it was when he realized how much he did not want to be like his father, nor did he actually want anything to do with him or his culture and ways. The big thing that Achebe utilizes is the use of major themes.Nwoye did not fully understand. But he was happy to leave his father. (Page 152) Nwoye decides that leaving his father is him growing up and finally having his life. In his eyes, he has become a man and he finally is free of his demanding, terrorizing father. Okonkwo was very lucky in his daughters. He never stopped regreting that Ezinma was a girl. Throughout the book, Okonkwo makes sure the line between men and women is clear. He, like the rest in his culture believe that a woman is nothing compared to the males. There is a lot of gender inequality in the text. Even though he is proud of his daughter he would never dream of treating her as an equal or he would never l eave her anything as he would with the his male sons. Its sad to hear that regretted his daughter. Achebe tells us this story through examples of imagery, theme, and symbolism. He combines it all to tell us the story of Okonkwo and hisShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Things Fall Apart Themes1246 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Things Fall Apart Themes Masculinity â€Å"Okonkwo ruled his household with a heavy hand. His wives, especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper† (Achebe 13). Okonkwo is the definition of hypermasculinity. As someone who condemns all things feminine, he never learned how to express his feelings, leading to him lashing out in violence instead. It is important to note his treatment of the women in his life as well. Okonkwo’s poor, often times abusive relationshipRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Okonkwos Things Fall Apart903 Words   |  4 PagesEA 3.2 Literary Analysis: character analysis Each individual have a different view on others culture that they have experienced as they come and go. Some may love the idea of a new civilization, meanwhile there are some who completely think the opposite. For one, Nwoye was someone who was different apart from the people in the village. He did not judge quickly like Okonkwo instead he observed and heard. As Nwoye became more attentive with the word the missionaries were sharing and went to churchRead MoreThings Fall Apart Literary Analysis Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesEA 3.2 Literary Analysis: character analysis Many people have their own culture, wouldn’t you agree? Some feel more strongly about their culture than others. Culture is something that is a large part in everyone’s life. It determines who you are and how you handle situations. When two cultures interact with each other and start mixing up, it results in something called a cultural collision. A cultural collision can be seen as a good thing or it can become something negative within both cultures.Read MoreLiterary Analysis of Things Fall Apart Essay778 Words   |  4 PagesIn Things Fall Apart the Igbo society is dominated by gender roles. Husbands beat their wives just for bringing food a few minutes late. Women are completely discriminated against. In fact, it is an insult to call a man an agbala (a woman). To men, women exist in a world in which they are to be seen not heard, coming and going, with mounds of foofoo, pots of water, market baskets, fetching kola, being scolded and beaten before they disappear behi nd the huts of their compound (Mezu 2). However,Read MoreFeminist Literary Analysis in Chinu Acebes Thing Falls Apart670 Words   |  3 Pagesparticular Things Fall Apart, by Achebe portrays Igbo Society and examines masculinity from an African perspective. Throughout the novel, women were voiceless and struggled against injustice; which is set in the era of the first wave feminism. As most are aware, this period of history highlights the inequalities between females and males. A topic that has been analyzed by Chinu Acebe, Levine Nett, J.Case Tompkins, and other feminist theorists. Thus, this paper argues that feminist literary theory isRead MoreThe Struggle Between Tradition and Change1056 Words   |  5 PagesENGL 2112 October 17, 2012 In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a literary journey to a Nigerian tribe, the Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. At first glance, the novel appears to be written for a very specific audience: scholars familiar with Nigerian history, traditions, and culture. However, upon further examination the novel reveals itself to be a striking chronicle of human experiences, universal themes, and timelessRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1308 Words   |  6 PagesIn Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a literary journey to a Nigerian tribe, the Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. At first glance, the novel appears to be written for a very specific audience: scholars familiar with Nigerian history, traditions, and culture. However, upon further examination the novel reveals itself to be a striking chronicle of human experiences, universal themes, and timeles s struggles that appeal to every humanRead MoreChinua Achebe s Life Of Literature830 Words   |  4 Pagesworks of literature ranging from novels to journals. His work cuts across borders, making huge success and accepted globally in the world of literature. Even critics had to accept Chinua Achebe is the greatest our time, such was Charles H Rowell a literary critic issued in Callaloo a reputable magazine. There was no surprise when Chinua Achebe won the 1972 Commonwealth prize, he obviously deserved it, following his contribution to the world of literature. He has also been awarded an indefinite numberRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Comparison Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesfight can be seen throughout history books and literary classics such as Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. In Fahrenheit 451, the main character, Guy Montag is fighting against the technological revolution taking place in the 23rd century. He battles with a society full of censors hip, where everyone is too caught up with their new gadgets to have meaningful conversations. Okwonko, the main character of Things Fall Apart, is also fighting a battle, a battle againstRead MoreChinua Achebe s Life Of Literature999 Words   |  4 Pagesworks of literature ranging from novels to journals. His work cuts across borders, making huge success and accepted globally in the world of literature. Even critics had to accept Chinua Achebe is the greatest our time, such was Charles H Rowell a literary critic issued in Callaloo a reputable magazine. There was no surprise when Chinua Achebe won the 1972 Commonwealth prize, he obviously deserved it, following his contribution to the world of literature. He has also been awarded an indefinite number

Brewer v. Williams Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact

Brewer v. Williams asked the Supreme Court to decide what constitutes a â€Å"waiver† of someone’s right to counsel under the Sixth Amendment.   Fast Facts: Brewer v. Williams Case Argued: October 4, 1976Decision Issued: March 23, 1977Petitioner: Lou V. Brewer, Warden of the Iowa State PenitentiaryRespondent: Robert Anthony WilliamsKey Questions: Did Williams waive his right to counsel when he spoke to the detectives and led them to the victims body?Majority Decision: Justices Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Powell, and StevensDissenting: Justices Burger, White, Blackmun, and RehnquistRuling: The Supreme Court ruled that Williams Sixth Amendment right to counsel had been denied. Facts of the Case On December 24, 1968, a 10-year-old girl named Pamela Powers went missing from a YMCA in Des Moines, Iowa. Close to the time of her disappearance, someone matching the description of Robert Williams, a mental hospital escapee, was seen exiting the YMCA with something large wrapped in a blanket. The police began looking for Williams and found his abandoned car 160 miles from the site of the abduction. An arrest warrant was issued. On December 26, a lawyer contacted officers at the Des Moines police station. He notified them that Williams would turn himself in to the Davenport police. When Williams arrived at the police station, he was booked and read his Miranda warnings. Williams spoke to his attorney, Henry McKnight, over the phone. The Des Moines police chief and an officer on the case, Detective Leaming, were present for the phone call. McKnight told his client that Detective Leaming would transport him to Des Moines after he was arraigned. Police would not question him on the car ride. Williams was represented by a different attorney for his arraignment. Detective Leaming and another officer arrived in Davenport that afternoon. The attorney from Williams arraignment reiterated twice to Detective Leaming that he should not question Williams during the car ride. The attorney stressed that McKnight would be available when they returned to Des Moines for interrogation. During the car ride, Detective Leaming gave Williams what would later become known as the â€Å"Christian burial speech.† He explained that, based on current weather conditions, the girls body would be covered in snow and she would not be able to receive a proper Christian burial if they did not stop and locate her before reaching Des Moines. Williams led the detectives to the body of Pamela Powers. While on trial for first-degree murder, Williams’ attorney moved to have the statements Williams made to officers during the 160-mile car ride suppressed. The judge ruled against Williams’ counsel. The Iowa Supreme Court found that Williams had waived his right to counsel when he spoke to detectives during the car ride. The  U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa granted a writ of  habeas corpus and found that Williams had been denied his Sixth Amendment right to counsel.  The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court’s decision. Constitutional Issues Was Williams denied his Sixth Amendment right to Counsel? Did Williams unintentionally â€Å"waive† his right to counsel by speaking to officers without an attorney present? Arguments An attorney representing Williams argued that the officers deliberately separated Williams from his attorney and questioned him, even though they were fully aware that he had invoked his right to counsel. In fact, Williams and his attorney had stated that he would speak to officers with his attorney present in Des Moines. The State of Iowa argued that Williams was aware of his right to counsel and did not need to expressly waive it in the back seat of the car on the way to Des Moines. Williams had been made aware of his rights under Miranda v. Arizona and chose to voluntarily speak with officers anyway, the attorney argued. Majority Opinion Justice Potter Stewart delivered the 5-4 decision. The majority first concluded that Williams had been denied his Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Once adversarial proceedings against an individual begin, that individual has a right to have counsel present during interrogations, the majority found. Detective Leaming deliberately and designedly set out to elicit information from Williams just as surely as—and perhaps more effectively than—if he had formally interrogated him,† Justice Stewart wrote. Detective Leaming was fully aware that Williams had obtained counsel, and intentionally separated him from his attorneys for questioning, the majority found. During the car ride, Detective Leaming did not ask Williams if he wanted to relinquish his right to counsel and interrogated him anyway. The majority also found that Williams had not waived his right to counsel during the car ride. Justice Stewart wrote that waiver requires not merely comprehension, but relinquishment, and Williams consistent reliance upon the advice of counsel in dealing with the authorities refutes any suggestion that he waived that right. Justice Stewart, on behalf of the majority, acknowledged the pressure Detective Leaming and his superiors faced. That pressure, he wrote, should only reaffirm the importance of ensuring that constitutional rights are not ignored. Dissenting Opinions Chief Justice Burger dissented, arguing that Williams’ statements to detectives were voluntary because he had full knowledge of his right to remain silent and his right to an attorney. Chief Justice Burger wrote, â€Å"...it boggles the mind to suggest that Williams could not understand that leading police to the childs body would have other than the most serious consequences.† He further stated that the exclusionary rule, which suppresses illegally obtained evidence, should not be applied to â€Å"non-egregious police conduct.†Ã‚   Impact The Supreme Court remanded the case to lower courts for a second trial. At trial, the judge allowed the body of the girl into evidence, citing a footnote in Justice Stewart’s decision. While the statements Williams made to officers were inadmissible, the judge found, the body would have been discovered at a later date, regardless. A few years later, the Supreme Court again heard arguments on the case over the constitutionality of â€Å"inevitable discovery.† In Nix v. Williams (1984), the Court held that â€Å"inevitable discovery† is an exception to the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule. Source Brewer v. Williams, 430 U.S. 387 (1977).Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431 (1984).Brewer v. Williams.  Oyez.org

Is The Root Of All Evil Essay - 1509 Words

Capitalism is the root of all injustice, a past instructor would remark to me periodically thought out the semester. The past instructor was a woman who was a professor of political science and a supporter of my endeavors in environmental policy, and a feminist. I mention this because it is contrary to the ideas of Dave van Pattern who suggests in his piece that those who study sociology believe men are the root of all evil. Pattern was a political science graduate, and I myself as a political science major understood where his earlier beliefs about men s rights came from and I also applaud his later transition away from the previous notions of masculinity. Furthermore, my feminism was built up by largely female professors in my courses ranging from Environmental Science, Anthropology, Ethics, Political Theory, and now Communication Studies 360. However, I am troubled by the statistics stated within some of the articles and texts such as the Backlash article that presented data of ho w women are not equal and do not have it all. In Roxanne Gay s piece, In truth, feminism is flawed because it is a movement powered by people and people are inherently flawed. The notion of not having it all, troubles me because if people seek to be liberated from oppression but their values and aims are to have it all than the movements for gender equality are not a means in itself but a means to an end. In other words, instrumental value is the goal not intrinsic value which isShow MoreRelatedRacism: The Root Of All Evil1022 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategies do not favor any of the parties; on the contrary they enhance violence against the immigrants. Furthermore, there exists social tension between Americans and Mexicans and even Latin-Americans, which have a direct impact on the economy of all of the corresponding countries. As much as the immigration situation in the U.S. affects the economy of many countries, it directly affects the personal life of many families, not only in the economic aspects, but in the conformation of the familyRead MoreEssay on Racism: The Root of All Evil1375 Words   |  6 Pageswithin our society. For example, in New York City the NYPD stopped 80% of blacks and Latinos and 85% of them were frisked by the officers. When whites were stopped only 8% of them were frisked. (Quigley 2011). Not only are Americans affected, but all around the world – racism constantly rears its ugly head. A global example of racism can be found in South Africa, specifically Capetown, Mitchell’s Plain, and Johannesburg. In these cities and neighboring ones near them, have 3 races that dominateRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms The Root Of All Evil1180 Words   |  5 Pages Are genetically modified organisms the root of all evil in the nutrition of our society? Essentially, not at all, GMOS are modified to enhance the original organism by manipulating the genetic code to produce a different outcome. Genetically modified organisms were developed all the way back to the prehistoric times when people were genetically modifying their food without realizing it . Our ancestors didn’t have an idea what genetics were but they did have an idea of artificial selection or selectiveRead MoreMoney is the Root of All Evil- Monetary Issues Leads to Crime and Deviance929 Words   |  4 PagesMONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL Although money is good at times, it is basically the root of all evil. I think it would be better to say that the root of all evil is not money itself but people’s desire for money, which they could use to improve their own status, either greed to increase one’s status, or jealousy over losing in the status game to others. The Bible does not say that money is bad. What it does say is that it is the love of money is the root of all evil. Over time money has shapedRead MoreAnalysis Of Theodore Roethke Root Cellar1208 Words   |  5 PagesIn Theodore Roethke â€Å"Root Cellar†, there is a heavy use of vivid and stylistic imagery. In the first line, the speaker states, Nothing would sleep in that cellar, dank as a ditch. We are given that something is refusing to sleep--that is, to die--and at the same time being dank gets us thinking about things that are â€Å"undead†. In line two, the speaker states, â€Å"Bulbs broke out of boxes hunting for chinks in the dark.† This tells us that things are still growing and they are looking for the lightRead More Essay on Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Evil Exposed in The Pardoners Tale1093 Words   |  5 PagesThe Root of Evil Exposed in The Pardoners Tale    The root of all evil is money.   Because this phrase has been repeated so many times throughout history, one can fail to realize the truth in this timeless statement.   Whether applied to the corrupt clergy of Geoffrey Chaucers time, selling indulgences, or the corrupt televangelists of today, auctioning off salvation to those who can afford it, this truth never seems to lose its validity.   In Chaucers famous work TheRead MoreThere Is A Reason Why God Allows Evil1016 Words   |  5 PagesIn John Hick’s piece â€Å"There is a Reason Why God Allows Evil†, he explains his view on the roots of evil. Hick brings up the problem of an all-loving God that allows evil to occur in the world. The conclusion that arises God must not be all loving then. However, Hick explains that humans free will is the problem that leads to evil. A few strengths that Hick has in his argument is the laws of nature, he mentions that they â€Å"†¦would have to be extremely flexible; sometimes gravity would operate, sometimesRead MoreDisgrace, By David Lurie955 Words   |  4 Pages Evil can be defined as being â€Å"profoundly immoral and wicked† (Oxford Dictionaries, 2017). In my texts, evil is displayed in many forms. In Disgrace, David Lurie s evil is caused by his distorted viewpoints and in The No.1 Ladies Detective Agency, all three cases are as a result of poverty. In The Bell Jar, Esther s evil suicidal attempts are caused by her narcissistic insanity; in The Crow, evil is an offset of Eric s traumatic experience and need for revenge; and in Fargo, evil arises asRead MoreThe Book On Evil By Thomas Aquinas1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthe book â€Å"On Evil†, by Thomas Aquinas, the topic of evil is believed to be a broad subject that cannot be stated in one opinion, but a variety. Aquinas goes on with the idea that evil is not a result of God and cannot be considered as an entity. Aquinas also believes that God, who is perfectly good, is the creator of all things and that God cannot be thought of as causing sin and suffering. In this paper, I will argue against Aquinas’ views on why God is not the cause of evil, why evil is not an ent ityRead More The Illusion of the Good Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Illusion of the Good ABSTRACT: The question of ethics relates to the good and its contrary, evil. What ethics does with its object is to seek to understand it, that is, not to produce either the concept of the good or the actions that fall under that concept. Thus, the question that follows is: What is the good?, or strictly speaking, what is the definition of the good? But the definition asked for, as any other definition, is necessarily related to the science of language. But language

Strategy Development Innovation Orientation and Organisational Perfor

Question: Discuss about theStrategy Development for Innovation Orientation and Organisational Performance. Answer: Introduction Strategy development involves all the companys attempts to come up with ways of gaining a competitive edge over its competitors. It involves the attempts of the company to be more profitable and gain more customers in the market. According to Jose (2010), these strategies can be used by the company to boost revenue and maximize its shares in the market, gain economies of scale and gain a larger market coverage. Many companies have developed competitive strategies. The most common strategies used by the companies fall in the Adaptation, Aggregation and arbitrage framework (AAA) (Kluyver, 2010). This framework gives the companies ways of gaining economies of scale, managing variations within its operating borders and exploitation of the weaknesses of their competitors to outdo them in the market. According to Ghemawat (2011), adaptation strategy has been used by companies to boost their capital and increase their relevance in both global and local market. Such strategies may include; developing local branches and coming up with local sections in the world market. The aggregation strategies on the other hand are all the attempts of a company to gain economies of scale, through the creation of regionally or globally recognized operations. This has been achieved by most companies by such activities like; grouping of production procedures and standardization of production (Ghemawat, 2011). Lastly, some companies also use the arbitrage techniques to exploit the market. This helps the companies to locate different parts of the supply chain in the various regions. It is important to note that most businesses tend to combine these strategies in order to gain a faster competitive advantage (Javernick, 2010). However using the three strategies together poses an enormous leverage challenge as the companies may not have enough resources, manpower or technical knowledge to execute all the strategies at once (Ju, 2011). When a corporation combines two of the three strategies, it develops an AA model. This can be in the form of Adaptation and aggregation, and Aggregation and Arbitrage. Combining the two strategies has several advantages to the company. Some of these benefits include; the company will be able to beat its competitors in more than one dimensions at once, and the last advantage is that the tension of the managers between the two strategies will be better than that of the competitors. The combination of these strategies is vital to the manager as it will force the managers to do more work than just allocation and monitoring of duties. It will also force the managers to utilize fully the soft and hard integrative equipment. The managers will also be necessitated to integrate both algorithmic and structural strategies, in order to execute the two strategies at once (Rasha, 2013). These strategies have been used by several companies in the computer industry, information communication and technology industry, pharmaceutical industry, food and beverage industry and steel industry. In the pharmaceutical industry, its use can be explained by examining the case of Procter and Gamble Company (PG). The PG Company has used the adaptation strategy through setting up of several mini branches in different countries. The PG Company started manufacturing its product called Vicks cough syrup with honey for lower and middle-income earners in Mexico. The product then gained popularity, and the company went to other Latin American countries including Brazil. It then rebranded its product to Vicks Castro and developed a branch in California and Texas where it was sold. The trend in this companys case has grown making it expand its market and branches. It has developed branches in several countries like Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. This has enabled the company to gain more market and hence gain a competitive advantage, given that its product is a natural one, given preference to with many consumers. PG Company has used aggregation techniques to create large economies of scale. It has done this by constantly creating global operations. It has created several mini-branches and constantly rebranded its products to suit the preference of the consumers in the different countries. To illustrate this, PG branded its Vicks Cough syrup as VICK Miel in Mexico. When it extended to California and Texas, it branded the same product as Vicks Castro. It also subsidized its prices in California and Texas. This enabled most low-income earners in California and Texas to be able to afford the product. Lowering the prices also made most consumers to prefer the product. The Vick Miel was also an herbal product. Since many people, especially in California and Texas, loved natural products, they opted for this product. This gave the company a competitive edge making it achieve significant sales in the countries it operated in. the company also took its product to other markets where homeopathic cold drugs were popular. In these countries, most medicines have chemical ingredients, whereas, the PG product is made of honey which is a natural product. The trend in the market sector as well indicates that most American shoppers in future will buy this product, repackage it and sell it globally. This will boost the companys sales making it gain economies of scale. The last strategy that PG has used is arbitrage strategy. Many shoppers are buying the Vicks cough syrup packaging it and reselling it to other customers. This is an indirect way of outsourcing. The buyers who resell the product in a different unique package makes the selling indirectly for the company. According to Dobni (2011), this is an efficient method, makes the company spend less money in repackaging and rebranding. This also enlarges the supply chain of the product in diverse countries. The next company that uses the three strategies is the Coca-Cola Company. This company falls in the food and beverage industry. The Coca-Cola Company is known worldwide for manufacture and distribution of soft drinks. The company has used adaptation strategies by developing several branches and outlets worldwide. These branches mainly act as bottlers for the coca cola company. Some of the bottlers include; Coca-Cola European partners in the United Kingdom, Coca-Cola bottlers the Philippines, Coa-colaFEMSA in Mexico, Embotelladora Andina S.A in Chile and Coca-Cola Africa. By developing several branch bottlers, the company has been able to gain competitive advantage. The company has also used this method to compete with several companies including PEPSI Company (ken, 2015). Coca-Cola Company has used aggregation strategies. These strategies are geared towards gaining economies of scale. The company has exploited this method to not only achieve significant sales but also to create and manage regional and global operations. It has concentrated on the global network delivery. Several Coca-Cola bottlers exist in different countries. These bottlers, in turn, distribute their products both locally and countrywide. The Coca-Cola Company has several global centers some of which are in Africa, Asia, Australia Philippines, Chile and United Kingdom. It has regional centers in Atlanta, Georgia and several near shore centers. Another strategy that the company uses is arbitrage strategy. The company only produces syrup concentrate. The concentrate is then sold to its global and regional bottlers. The bottlers then dilute the syrup, bottle it and do the selling. This makes the company reduce the cost of operations such as bottling. The company also promote different programs like sports and entertainment. These programs benefit the company as they help in advertising. When the company promotes sports, it brands the sporting equipment with their name. This helps in advertising the company name and products (cheng, 2010). The next company that uses the three competitive strategies is The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). This company falls into the category of two industries. First, it falls in the computer industry as it manufactures and distributes computer soft wares and hardware. Secondly, it falls under information communication and technology industry. This is because of its major contributions in the technology environment such as the invention of Automated teller machines, floppy disk, the hard drive, the magnetic stripe card and SQL programming language. IBM Company has used the three competitive strategies conveniently. The first strategy being the adaptation strategy. This strategy has been employed by the company to gain competitive advantage (IBM, 2012). The company has formed over 170 branches worldwide. This has enabled it to sell its products to a larger market. The company uses this strategy to tap a global market. The company has also used advertising techniques to create awareness of its various products. This has been made possible through the use of media channels such as television channels, newspaper, and journals and through the internet and their website (IBM, 2013). The adaptive techniques used have ensured the company gain a stable local culture existence and hence, making it outstanding among several competing companies. The second strategy used by the IBM Company is the aggregation strategy. This strategy has enabled the company to derive economies of scale and gain global recognition. The company has continued to standardize the prices of its products making them more affordable. It has also hosted several consulting services in different areas like mainframe computers and nanotechnology. The company has also invented such machines as ATM machines, which are used worldwide. These inventions have seen people developing more interest in this endeavour making the sales level increase. The increase in the level of sales forms the main reason for the gain of economies of scale by this company. The last strategy used by this company is the arbitrage strategy. This technique has been used by the company through outsourcing of operations, developing of labor intensive groups and organizations, and separation of the supply chain in different countries (Shijia, 2014). The IBM Company has acquired several companies such as the weather company in 2016. In 2014 the company made plans to go fabless. This would see it offload the manufacturing activity to global founders. IT outsourcing has also been a major activity of this company (Salara, 2010). Alpha works, and SPSS are some of the companies that have benefited from the outsourcing practices of this company. These are some of the major ways the company uses to execute arbitrage strategy. The Acelor Mittal is another company that utilizes the three competitive strategies. This is a company that manufactures steel and steel products including heavy equipment and automotive. This company uses adaptation strategies to boost its revenue and shares in the market (Melodie, 2011). The company has developed branches in over 60 countries in the world. These branches market the same products making the company gain familiarity in the market. This has seen it maximize its local and international revenue. The company has also used the aggregation strategies to achieve economies of scale, create global markets and subsidize their products (Acelor, 2013). The company has developed a unique procurement strategy which is divided into three parts. The first one being the local procurement strategy. This strategy is carried out when dealing with local suppliers. The second strategy is a regional strategy which is used for regional suppliers, while the last strategy is the global strategy for international suppliers. The above procurement strategies have always offered the company great aggregation techniques making the company sell more and expand in the global market. The last strategy that the company has always used is the arbitrage strategy. This strategy has made the company able to exploit both the local and global markets at once (Parent, 2010). In 2008, the company outsourced its IT services to IT Companies in Western Europe, including; Satyam Computer services and Mind tree. This was a major arbitrage strategy as it enabled the company to locate different parts of its supply chains in several different places. The company has continued to utilize these three strategies to ensure it remains profitable, gains larger market shares and attain economies of scale altogether. In conclusion, it is apparent that companies must adopt competitive strategies so as to operate efficiently, compete fairly in the market and expand into the global market. All companies (Ghemawat, 2011)irrespective of the industry, strives to remain profitable, gain large market shares and achieve economies of scale. These will only be possible if they adopt the above three strategies. Although it would be difficult for accompany to combine and practice all there three strategies at once because of the leverage problems, most companies usually combine two of the strategies at once. By doing this, they always adopt the AA model, which can either be, adaptation and arbitrage or adaptation and aggregation model. These three strategies are relevant for every company that desires to grow into the global market. 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